Valkay, please understand I hold you in the highest regard and you’re usually on point on almost every topic. But here, I really need to ask you:
What have you been smoking?
This is flat out incorrect though? I mean, you’re not just disputing that they are remarkably well designed (egonomicly speaking) rifles, but also dusputing that this is even commonly accepted? I’d like to hear your arguments for why you don’t believe the first statement, but surely you can’t deny that it is generally held to be true?
Allow me to mechanicly describe why the Lee-Enfield family of rifles (perticularly the SMLE/No. 1 and the No. 4 rifles) are so smooth to operate, why their ergonomics are supperior to that of regular turn-bolt rifles, and why these factors contribute to them being unusually capable of being cycled whilst still aiming down the sights:
1. Rear-Locking Lugs
Unlike Mauser-style rifles, which use forward-locking lugs near the chamber, the Enfield employs rear-locking lugs located just ahead of the bolt handle. Mechanically, this means the rotational resistance needed to unlock the bolt is lower. The bolt doesn’t have to engage tightly with the chamber front during lift, so the motion feels very smooth. While some might think this allows a shorter bolt, in practice the overall physical length of the No. 4 Mk I bolt is similar to, or even slightly longer than, a Kar98k bolt. The key advantage isn’t length but reduced rotational effort during the lift.
2. Cock-on-Close Mechanism
“Cocking” a rifle means compressing the firing pin spring so that when the trigger is pulled, the firing pin can strike the cartridge primer and fire the round. In the Enfield, this spring is compressed as the bolt is pushed forward to close, a system called cock-on-close. This makes the upward lift of the bolt very light, because you’re not compressing the spring while lifting. The resistance instead occurs during the forward push to chamber the round, which is a more natural and ergonomically efficient motion for rapid fire.
A cock-on-close system also avoids the jerk from opening a cock-on-open action, which is uncomfortable for the shooter if they want to retain a cheek weld while cycling, a non-insubstantial metal mass suddenly shooting back towards the wielder is disconserting to say the least, especially when you can’t guarantee absolute perfect head-placement during combat.
3. Bolt Handle Placement and Lift Angle
The Enfield bolt handle is placed rearward, just behind the trigger, compared to the forward position on Mauser rifles. At first, this seems counterintuitive, you might expect a forward handle to avoid hitting your face. However, the rear placement works synergistically with the Enfield’s ~60° bolt lift: your hand moves mostly backward and and less upward along a natural arc around your shoulder, keeping it clear of your cheek. In contrast, a Mauser-style bolt handle requires a ~90° lift and moves forward and upward, which can interfere with cheek weld and line of sight.
The combination of rear placement and short lift allows the Enfield to be cycled while keeping sights on target.
4. Summary of Ergonomics and Perceived Smoothness
Even though the bolt lengths of Enfield and Mauser rifles are similar, the Enfield feels faster and smoother due to:
- Shorter rotational arc for bolt lift
- Rearward handle that follows a natural hand motion
- Cock-on-close action that shifts resistance to forward push
- Stock geometry that keeps the wrist and arm in a natural position
This synergy allows shooters to cycle rounds without disrupting cheek weld, maintain sight picture, and minimize hand fatigue, something very few turn-bolt rifles achieve. This is why the famous “mad minute” drills (20–30 aimed shots per minute) were possible. Soldiers could fire, lift the bolt with minimal disturbance, push it home strongly (cocking on close), and immediately be back on target without ever dropping their cheek weld.
Comparison: Enfield vs Mauser
Feature |
Lee–Enfield No. 4 |
Mauser/Kar98k |
Locking lugs |
Rear |
Forward |
Cocking |
Cock-on-close |
Cock-on-lift |
Bolt handle |
Rear |
Forward |
Lift angle |
~60° |
~90° |
Bolt lift effort |
Low |
Higher |
Ergonomics for aiming while cycling |
Excellent |
Less favorable |
Rapid-fire capability |
High (“Mad Minute”) |
Lower |
In short: The smooth operation of the Enfield comes from the combination of rear-locking lugs, cock-on-close mechanics, rearward handle, and short lift arc. These design choices reduce the effort required to lift and cycle the bolt and allow the shooter to maintain sight picture, all while keeping the overall robustness and reliability expected of a military rifle.
The Lee-Enfields had their weaknesses, but their smoothness of operation are a undeniable attribute of the guns.
- Rear-locking lugs and long-term durability
- Because the Enfield locks at the rear of the bolt rather than the front, the long bolt body can flex slightly under firing pressure.
- Over time, this can cause headspace to grow (the gap between bolt face and cartridge base), especially with heavy use or worn rifles.
- This meant rifles sometimes required more frequent inspection and maintenance to ensure safe chambering, compared to front-locking Mauser designs which were more rigid.
That same flex made the action tolerant of dirt, mud, and fouling. A rigid front-locking system like the Mauser might bind if the locking recesses were clogged, while the Enfield could keep running because the locking lugs were at the rear, farther from the chamber, and the action had more “give.” Soldiers often noted that Enfields would continue to cycle smoothly in conditions that choked more rigid rifles. There are give and takes with all rifle designs, the Lee-Enfields chose in-field reliability (something that is almost garuanteed to work when you need it) over long-term durability (more workshop intensive between battles to maintain).
- .303 British cartridge and rimlock risk
- The .303 was a rimmed cartridge, unlike the rimless 7.92×57mm Mauser.
- Rimmed cartridges must be stacked carefully in the magazine so each rim sits in front of the one below it. If loaded incorrectly, the rims could overlap, causing a “rimlock” jam that prevents proper feeding.
- The Enfield’s magazine and loading drills were designed to mitigate this, but under stress or with inexperienced users, rimlock could still occur.
Proper care and drill was instilled into the soldiery to make sure the cartridges were stacked correctly, but it remained a problem for the careless soldier until the conversions of Lee-Enfields into 7.62 NATO occoured.
- Manufacturing complexity
- The Enfield’s bolt and receiver were more complex to machine than a Mauser’s, with more intricate surfaces and parts.
- This meant production was slower and more resource-intensive, especially early in the First World War before simplifications were introduced.
As for the video “proof” provided;
The one showing the No. 4 rifle is being shot by a man who clearly hasn’t shot them before (remarking about the qualities of the rifle as he is learning about them, such as the power of the impact on the targets, also stating that he’s only loaning the rifle), and being shown in a sub-zero enviornment which he himself states is making the operation of the rifle more difficult than it should be, this alone makes it not representative of the general truth of the rifle.
The one showing the Kar98k clearly shows the shooter is lowering the rifle and moving his head, so I have no idea what proof you’re pointing to where he is still aiming down the sights whilst cycling. Having the rifle still on the shoulder whilst cycling is not the same as cycling whilst retaining your cheek weld.
Again Valkay, I don’t want to be mean, but I think you’re missguided on this issue.