Tokarev 1928 self-loading carbine, caliber .351 WSL
I came across this reddit picture of an unidentified goat hunter (“found in 1920’s collection”) showing a proud hunter with a hard-to-get American Mountain goat.
The rifle in the grainy photo is something of a mystery all its own, though it is definitely an early 20th Century Winchester autoloader, which narrows things down a bit.
In 1902, Thomas Crossley Johnson was a well-respected engineer and designer who coughed up the patents responsible for the first commercially available rimfire self-loading rifle, a gun which Winchester would term their Model 1903. A neat little .22 that fired 10-rounds from an under-barrel tubular magazine as fast as you could pull the trigger, the rifle was a hit.
T.C. came up with a much modified hunting version in 1905, that deleted the tube mag for one with a detachable box magazine (5 or 10 shot) chambered in .32SL and .35 Winchester Self-Loading (.35 WSL), the latter a beast of a round whose 180-grain bullet was slow (like 1,400 fps) but packed a wallop good enough for taking most large land mammals in North America.
This Model 1905 rifle went on to be updated in the Model 1907 and 1910 (the latter chambered in the even tougher .401 WSL).
These novel semi-auto blowback action rifles were popular in military circles to a degree, especially when using the longer magazines.
The first U.S. Army aviators to fly in a war-zone were those of General Pershing’s 1st Aero Squadron of the U.S. Army Signal Corps Air Service. These hardy fly boys were shipped 19 Winchester Model 1907 rifles and 9000 cartridges of .351SL ammunition to use in arming their craft if they got lost over the Chihuahua desert while looking for Pancho Villa in 1916. The Winny ’07 was thought to be lighter than the then-current issue Springfield 1903 rifle.
The Russians bought some 500 Model 1907 rifles, another 500 Model 1910s, and 1.5 million rounds of .351WSL in 1916 (along with 300,000 Winchester Model 1895 muskets in 7.62x54R) for use in World War I.
The French also picked up 5,000 Model 1907s, 150 Model 1910 rifles, spare magazines, and something on the order of 425,000 .401 WSL and 2 million .351SL cartridges on their own.
The Brits brought up the rear with 120 Model 1907 rifles and 78,000 rounds of .351SL ammunition for back seat observers in the Royal Flying Corps.
As far as our hunter goes, it’s hard to tell from the image at the top of the post just which one of T.C.’s Winchester autoloaders he has.
Between 1907-57, some 58,456 Model 1907s were made– the most prolific of the series. The 1905, which was put of of production in 1920, saw just 29,113 rifles produced while the M1910 had 20,787 guns made by 1936. As such, the numbers would make the odds that our hunter is carrying a M1907 model.
In the end, he seems well-equipped no matter which model took to the woods with.
As for the evolutionary legacy of Thomas Crossley Johnson, he died in 1934 with more than 124 patents active.
Across the pond, one Fedor Vasilievich Tokarev, using Johnson’s work for the benefit of the Motherland and equipped with a collection of old Winchesters to reverse engineer, came up with the Tokarev Model 29, an autoloader chambered in (wait for it) .351 WSL, which served a a kind of stepping stone to his later SVT-38/40 rifles.
1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment
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The 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Russian: 1077-y zenith artillerymen Polk) was a unit of the Stalingrad Corps Region of the Soviet Air Defense Forces that participated in the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942.[1] Under the leadership of Colonel Raiynin, the regiment operated within the Stalingrad Military District and later came under the command of the Stalingrad Front during the battle for the city. Comprising mostly of young female volunteers who had recently completed high school. The regiment demonstrated great bravery in defending the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd). One notable act of valor was when they engaged an approaching Panzer unit by adjusting their guns to the lowest elevation and directly firing at the advancing tanks.
Training and materials
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English-language sources of information concerning the 1077th unit provide limited and conflicting details. However, it is believed that similar to other anti-aircraft units, they received inadequate training and had insufficient ammunition supplies.[2] Instead of armor-piercing rounds, they were equipped with fragmentation ‘flak’ rounds, which raises doubts regarding their effectiveness against armored targets. The unit utilized M1939 guns, which were 37-mm replicas of the Bofors guns.
The Defense of Stalingrad
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On August 23, 1942, the German 6th Army initiated an offensive on Stalingrad, preceded by extensive bombing that caused significant damage to the city. The 16th Panzer Division advanced towards Gumrak Airport, located 15 kilometers northwest of the city, and encountered resistance from Soviet anti-aircraft guns.
According to the records of the 16th Panzer Division, they encountered determined opposition from tenacious female fighters manning 37 anti-aircraft positions, engaging in a fierce exchange of fire until those positions were destroyed.
The official Soviet historical account of the war acknowledges this event, stating that the anti-aircraft troops of the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, led by Colonel W. S. German, engaged the enemy’s tanks and motorized infantry without immediate support from rifle units. The regiment fought alone for two days, successfully repelling the assaults of German submachine gunners. While engaged in combat, they managed to damage or destroy 83 tanks as well as 15 other vehicles carrying infantry. Additionally, the regiment neutralized over three battalions of assault infantry and shot down 14 enemy aircraft.
The 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment continued to serve in the Soviet forces until the end of the war. In May 1945, the regiment became part of the 86th Air Defense Forces Division, operating on the Southwestern Front. In 1945, the 86th Division was responsible for providing air defense support to the Kharkiv and Odessa Military Regions, as well as the Independent Coastal Army.
